Expression Patterns of ER, PR, Her2/neu, and Ki67 in Sudanese Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Tumor markers are crucial indicators for breast cancer treatment and follow-up. Thus, this study attempted to explore the expression patterns of ER, PR, Her2/neu, and Ki67 in Sudanese breast cancer patients.

Methodology: This study was a retrospective descriptive analysis conducted in El-Obeid city, Sudan. Records of 190 patients were obtained, including 110 with malignant lesions and 79 with benign breast lesions, from two histopathology laboratories.

Results: Approximately 37% of patients were ER/PR positive, whereas 31% of cases tested for ER, PR, and Her2/neu were classified as triple negative. Ki-67 expression exhibited significant variability among breast lesions. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) exhibited the highest expression of estrogen receptors (ER) at 59%, followed by progesterone receptors (PR) at 56%, and HER2 positivity at 53.8%.

Conclusion: Breast cancer cases in Sudan are prevalent, characterized by ER/PR positivity, triple-negative status, and elevated Ki-67 expression. The predominant histological type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma. Women under the age of 45 exhibit a higher susceptibility to breast cancer. A significant number of patients exhibit advanced stages of the disease. Sudan advocates for the prevention and early detection of breast cancer.